Rebirth can be learned

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    [title] => Against gradualism
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Rebirth can be learned /2 - Big changes do not always happen in small steps; and the need to proceed step by step must not become an obstacle to taking urgent initiatives


by Luigino Bruni


published in Città Nuova on 24/01/2024 - From the Città Nuova magazine, n. 10/2023


We recently commemorated sixty years since Martin Luther King's great prophetic speech, I Have a Dream, delivered in Washington on 28 August 1963. Looking back on that speech, there was one passage that struck me: “This is not time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism”. He was very critical of gradualism, of the deeply ingrained idea that big changes cannot happen immediately because the great complexity of the reality to be changed requires a gradual process and a policy of small steps. Gradualism receives much consensus because it emphasises a true value, that of inclusion, of the need to involve the various players who have a role in the creation of problems and thus also in their solution. Hence the great processes of grass root consultation, questionnaires, and the many commissions to ensure the synodality of the entire process of change.


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I do not want to claim that the gradualist method should never be adopted or that it is always wrong. The question is a different one: why was Martin Luther King so opposed to gradualism? Because, quite simply, in those who invoked the politics of small steps he saw an alibi for continuing to postpone urgent and obvious reforms and changes (apartheid, for example), and because it acted as a ‘tranquilliser’ of conscience for those in power. Appealing to a value, even if it was a valid one in itself, only became a justification for the status quo - those who oppose a necessary process almost always do so in the name of some good reason.


Not all changes happen in small steps. In physics, water turns from liquid to solid in an instant. Revolutions do not happen gradually either, because certain processes explode when a critical threshold is passed. Today, for example, those who continue to advocate gradualist policy in the area of climate change and ecological transition (the very word transition incorporates the idea of small steps) almost always use this fine word to slow down a change that was ever so urgent already twenty years ago. The inclusion of all governments and various economic stakeholders is an essential part of the environmental problem; it is the prime cause of why we are watching motionlessly as the climate declines rapidly and inexorably. When the ship is sinking, or when a house is burning, no one thinks of calling together an assembly to decide what to do through complex procedures: there would have to be a captain to take responsibility for the choices and to make those choices. The world does not have a captain (and that is just as well) and in fact we are sinking; but this ‘captain’ can and must emerge from below, from the world's population, from civil processes that can lead to quick and effective decisions to replace the lack of ‘captains’ - and let's just hope they are peaceful and non-violent.


But what is astonishing is that gradualism takes hold even in ideal driven communities and movements which do have ‘captains’, where there is a government that could and should take urgent decisions. And instead, all too often, even in these, when faced with general and serious crises that would require rapid change, the gradualist method is preferred, and with it the creation of commissions that will one day report on the needs that have emerged with the (somewhat naive) hope that in the end a synthesis will be made of all the information that will have been gathered. And so the years pass, and the governments with them, the disease worsens, and while the doctors are discussing what to do, the patient is nearing death.


Furthermore, a typical error of these gradualist methods concerns economics. The economic aspects are the first to emerge during a crisis, but they are the last to be addressed, because the economy is an indicator of much broader and deeper phenomena than just the economy. Economic indicators are the red light in a car that signals an engine failure: it tells you to fix the engine and after that, once it is repaired, the light will go out on its own. Instead, they start fixing the economy first without understanding the structural illnesses that generated the economic crisis, and the more they fix the economy, the more the illness grows in the depths.


The quality of a government in times of crisis depends a lot on the ability of those in charge to sense, by instinct, where the problems are in the ‘engine’, and to start from there. They will receive criticism, accusations of authoritarianism, but perhaps they will save the body that is suffering.


Credits foto: © Unseen Histories su Unsplash

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Rebirth can be learned /2 - Big changes do not always happen in small steps; and the need to proceed step by step must not become an obstacle to taking urgent initiatives


by Luigino Bruni


published in Città Nuova on 24/01/2024 - From the Città Nuova magazine, n. 10/2023


We recently commemorated sixty years since Martin Luther King's great prophetic speech, I Have a Dream, delivered in Washington on 28 August 1963. Looking back on that speech, there was one passage that struck me: “This is not time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism”. He was very critical of gradualism, of the deeply ingrained idea that big changes cannot happen immediately because the great complexity of the reality to be changed requires a gradual process and a policy of small steps. Gradualism receives much consensus because it emphasises a true value, that of inclusion, of the need to involve the various players who have a role in the creation of problems and thus also in their solution. Hence the great processes of grass root consultation, questionnaires, and the many commissions to ensure the synodality of the entire process of change.


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Against gradualism
EN - Rebirth can be learned

Against gradualism

Rebirth can be learned /2 - Big changes do not always happen in small steps; and the need to proceed step by step must not become an obstacle to taking urgent initiatives by Luigino Bruni published in Città Nuova on 24/01/2024 - From the Città Nuova magazine, n. 10/2023 We recently commemorated s... 
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Rebirth can be learned /1 - Why do many community reforms start out auspiciously and then stall?


by Luigino Bruni


published on Città Nuova ion 20/12/2023 - From the magazine Città Nuova n. 9/2023


The most precious and rare art to learn when starting a community reform is to be able to get to the depths of the process. The first phase of a reform is almost always accompanied by acclaim, encouragement and applause, because, as a rule, movements and communities start reforms too late, when it is already evident to (almost) everyone that a lot of things need to change in order not to perish; and so the new government that sets about this reform work is greeted as one greets a saviour. Only a few of the members are aware that this necessary reform would have had to be done many years earlier, when the symptoms of the collective disease were still almost invisible and everything spoke of health and success.


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For this reason, the early days of a renewal process, of any renewal of a suffering body, flow smoothly, quickly, accompanied by satisfaction and the great relief typical of any beginning of a necessary cure. The reformers feel supported by the entire community and everything is surrounded by a climate of optimism and new spring. It is thus understood that the most important and decisive moment in a reform is always the second, not the first moment, that ‘second half’ when the almost endless opening of that initial credit is reduced and then exhausted.


Many reforms get stuck, bogged down in this second phase and fail to reach the third, the essential one for the real and concrete implementation of the reform, when the announcements should have turned into major changes in governance. This is what happens to those young people who dive with only their mask on because they know that after 10 metres they will arrive in a beautifully coloured, emerged cave – but then, after the first few metres they feel their oxygen depleting, they get scared, turn back and resurface. If they had held on for a few more seconds they would have reached the air of the beautiful cave, but instead they stopped halfway there.


Why do we stop? What happens in the intermediate phase that blocks the necessary reforms that are sought by (almost) everyone? A clue to the reasons for the failure of the second phase is suggested to us by French philosopher De Tocqueville (Democracy in America), with his famous “paradox”. By studying revolutions and the social transformations of peoples, Tocqueville had realised something important: as soon as the members of a community begin to see the longed-for first signs of change, new participation and democracy, they begin to demand more and more, much more than the reformers can concretely do in that first phase.


The appetite for reform grows much faster than its first results. And so, those reformers who were appreciated, praised and encouraged at the time of the announcement of the reform, as soon as they begin to carry out their first reforming acts, see the original esteem turn to criticism and dissatisfaction, because those first changes appear too timid, slow and insufficient. At the same time, the dissatisfaction expressed today by the enthusiasts of yesterday generates disappointment and discouragement in the reformers because they see the criticism as unfair and ungrateful. This ‘pincer effect’ - criticism from the community and discouragement in government - can stop the exploration running out of breath and cause a quick turnaround.


A whole lot of failed reforms are those ‘aborted’ in the second phase, not those never started. However, a reform begun and not completed is worse than a failed reform. Because while a community that has never attempted a necessary reform can always initiate one, for a community that has failed a first reform, it becomes very difficult, if not impossible, to initiate a second one, because the management of that first failure has consumed much of the available energy, and that first collective enthusiasm which is necessary to begin will be very reduced if not non-existent in the second eventual reform. Of the reforms of charismatic communities only ‘the first one is the good one’, the second possibility, which is always there, is (easily) ineffective.


So when a community government decides to undertake a reform, it must be aware that the second phase of criticism and discouragement will come. It must take this into account, not be surprised by its arrival. This way, even when we run out of breath we will confidently continue the dive, in search of the new rainbow.


 


Credits foto: © 14578371 da Pixabay

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    [catslug] => 1172:en-rebirth-can-be-learned
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Rebirth can be learned /1 - Why do many community reforms start out auspiciously and then stall?


by Luigino Bruni


published on Città Nuova ion 20/12/2023 - From the magazine Città Nuova n. 9/2023


The most precious and rare art to learn when starting a community reform is to be able to get to the depths of the process. The first phase of a reform is almost always accompanied by acclaim, encouragement and applause, because, as a rule, movements and communities start reforms too late, when it is already evident to (almost) everyone that a lot of things need to change in order not to perish; and so the new government that sets about this reform work is greeted as one greets a saviour. Only a few of the members are aware that this necessary reform would have had to be done many years earlier, when the symptoms of the collective disease were still almost invisible and everything spoke of health and success.


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The new rainbow that is there
EN - Rebirth can be learned

The new rainbow that is there

Rebirth can be learned /1 - Why do many community reforms start out auspiciously and then stall? by Luigino Bruni published on Città Nuova ion 20/12/2023 - From the magazine Città Nuova n. 9/2023 The most precious and rare art to learn when starting a community reform is to be able to get to the ...